Assessing the Impact of De Novo Social Ties within Health Intervention Settings: New Questions for Health Behavior Intervention Research

Recent developments in the study of health and social networks have focused on linkages between health outcomes and naturally occurring social relations, such as friendship or kinship. Based on findings in this area, a new generation of health behavior intervention programs have been implemented that rely on the formation of new social relations among program participants. However, little is known about the qualities of these de novo social relations. We examined the social networks of 59 participants within a randomized controlled trial of an intervention designed to prevent excessive gestational weight gain. We employed exponential random graph modeling techniques to analyze supportive relationships formed between participants in the intervention arm, to detect unique effects of program participation on the likelihood of forming ties. Program participation had a positive effect on the likelihood of forming supportive social relations, however, in this particular timeframe we did not detect any additional effect of such relations on the health behaviors or outcomes of interest. Our findings raise two critical questions: do short‐term group‐level programs reliably lead to the formation of new social relations among participants; and do these relations have a unique effect on health outcomes relative to standard methods of health behavior intervention?     

Effects of exercise dose and type during breast cancer chemotherapy on longer-term patient-reported outcomes and health-related fitness: A randomized controlled trial

The Combined Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (CARE) Trial compared different types and doses of exercise performed during breast cancer chemotherapy. Here, we report the longer-term follow-up of patient-reported outcomes, health-related fitness and exercise behavior at 6, 12 and 24 months postintervention. A multicenter trial in Canada randomized 301 breast cancer patients initiating chemotherapy to thrice weekly, supervised exercise consisting of a standard dose of 25–30 min of aerobic exercise (STAN; n = 96), a higher dose of 50–60 min of aerobic exercise (HIGH; n = 101) or a combined dose of 50–60 min of aerobic and resistance exercise (COMB; n = 104) performed for the duration of chemotherapy (median of 17 weeks). Primary outcomes were patient-reported outcomes including quality of life, cancer-related symptoms and psychosocial outcomes. Secondary outcomes were objective health-related fitness (assessed at 12 months only) and self-reported exercise behavior. A total of 269 (89.4%) participants completed patient-reported outcomes at all three follow-up time points and 263 (87.4%) completed the health-related fitness assessment at 12-month follow-up. COMB was significantly superior to (i) STAN for sleep quality at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.027); (ii) HIGH for upper body muscular endurance at 12-month follow-up (p = 0.020); and (iii) HIGH for meeting the resistance exercise guideline at 6-month follow-up (p = 0.006). Moreover, self-reported meeting of the combined exercise guideline during follow-up was significantly associated with better patient-reported outcomes and health-related fitness. Performing combined exercise during and after breast cancer chemotherapy may result in better longer-term patient-reported outcomes and health-related fitness compared to performing aerobic exercise alone.     

An investigation of the effectiveness of Behavioral Momentum on the acquisition and fluency outcomes of tacts in three children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the fluency intervention, Behavioral Momentum (BM), on acquisition of tacts and associated fluency outcomes in three children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). A multiple probe design across stimulus sets was utilized to investigate the outcomes of Behavioral Momentum for the acquisition, retention, stability, endurance, and application of tacts learned to a fluency aim. In the intervention phase, children were required to complete a Behavioral Momentum exercise consisting of the presentation of a sequence of high probability tacts followed immediately by the presentation of low probability tacts delivered within 1 min timings. The results demonstrated positive fluency outcomes on low probability tacts across all children. The practical implications of the study are discussed in terms of the use of Fluency Training for children with ASD within the educational setting.     

Cumulative experiences with life adversity: Identifying critical levels for targeting prevention efforts

This paper aims to assess the role of individual types and cumulative life adversity for understanding depressive symptomatology and aggressive behavior. Data were collected in 2011 as part of the Teen Life Online and in Schools Study from 916 ethnically-diverse students from 12 middle, K–8, 6–12 and high schools in the Midwest United States. Youth reported an average of 4.1 non-victimization adversities and chronic stressors in their lifetimes. There was a linear relationship between number of adversities and depression and aggression scores. Youth reporting the highest number of adversities (7 or more) had significantly higher depression and aggression scores than youth reporting any other number of adversities suggesting exposure at this level is a critical tipping point for mental health concerns. Findings underscore an urgent need to support youth as they attempt to negotiate, manage, and cope with adversity in their social worlds.     

Goal-Setting Behavior for Physical Activity in Adults With Diabetes: A Pilot Project

In this pilot project, patient-selected SMART (Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Relevant, Time-bound) goals were used a to increase self-reported physical activity and decrease hemoglobin A1C (HbA1C) in patients with type II diabetes (T2DM). We assessed pre- and postintervention physical activity levels and HbA1C at the follow-up visits spaced 3–4 months apart. In this 23-participant study, patients showed a statistically significant improvement in physical activity when SMART goals were met and a statistically significant decrease in HbA1C with increased physical activity.     

授权赋能教育在慢性心衰患者的知信行效果

目的探讨授权赋能教育在慢性心衰患者的知信行效果。方法选取2017年9月-2019年2月我院收治的慢性心衰患者,共93例,运用随机数字表法进行分为对照组(n=45)和试验组(n=48),对照组施以常规教育模式,试验组在常规基础上施以授权赋能教育,观察两组患者对疾病知识的知晓率情况、对疾病的态度情况、不良行为比较。结果试验组的疾病知识的知晓率为95.83%,明显高于对照组的80.00%,差异显著(χ^2=5.583,P=0.018);对疾病的态度明显改善;不良行为明显较少,与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。结论授权赋能教育能够有效的改善慢性心衰患者心脏康复的知信行的效果。     

Dietary patterns of patients with psoriasis at a public healthcare institution in Brazil

BackgroundPsoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease with systemic repercussions and an association with comorbidities such as metabolic syndrome, cardiovascular diseases, and obesity. Psoriasis patients have a higher prevalence of obesity compared to the general population. Diet is a relevant environmental factor, since malnutrition, inadequate body weight, and metabolic diseases, in addition to the direct health risk, impair the treatment of psoriasis.ObjectivesTo evaluate food intake patterns, anthropometric, and metabolic syndrome-related aspects in psoriasis patients.MethodsCross-sectional study through anthropometric assessment and food frequency questionnaire. Food frequency questionnaire items were evaluated by exploratory factor analysis and identified dietary patterns were analyzed by multivariate methods.ResultsThis study evaluated 94 patients, 57% female, with a mean age of 54.9 years; the prevalence of obesity was 48% and of metabolic syndrome, 50%. Factor analysis of the food frequency questionnaire identified two dietary patterns: Pattern 1 – predominance of processed foods; Pattern 2 – predominance of fresh foods. Multivariate analysis revealed that Patterns 1 and 2 showed inverse behaviors, and greater adherence to Pattern 2 was associated with females, eutrophic individuals, absence of lipid and blood pressure alterations, and lower waist-to-hip ratio and skin disease activity.Study limitationsMonocentric study conducted at a public institution, dependent on dietary memory.ConclusionTwo dietary patterns were identified in a Brazilian sample of psoriasis patients. The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome were greater than in the adult Brazilian population. The fresh diet was associated with lower indicators of metabolic syndrome in this sample.     

LRIG3基因过表达对人神经母细胞瘤细胞系SK-N-MC细胞生物学行为的影响

目的 探讨富含亮氨酸重复序列免疫球蛋白样蛋白3（LRIG3）基因过表达对人神经母细胞瘤细胞系SK-N-MC细胞生物学行为的影响。方法 体外培养人神经母细胞瘤细胞系SK-N-MC细胞，分成空白对照组（A组，不转染任何载体或质粒）、载体组（B组，转染载体）和LRIG3过表达组（C组，转染含LRIG3基因过表达质粒）。 荧光定量PCR和免疫印迹法检测LRIG3、Caspase-3和Caspase-9的mRNA和蛋白表达水平。Transwell试剂盒检测细胞侵袭能力，AV-PI试剂盒检测细胞凋亡水平，CCK-8试剂盒检测细胞增殖能力。结果 C组Caspase-3和Caspase-9的mRNA和蛋白表达水平以及细胞凋亡率明显高于A组和B组（P<0.05），细胞增殖率和细胞侵袭能力明显低于A组和B组（P<0.05），而A组和B组之间均无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论 LRIG3过表达可以抑制人神经母细胞瘤细胞系SK-N-MC细胞增殖和侵袭，促进其凋亡，其机制可能与促进Caspase-3和Caspase-9表达有关     

伴非自杀性自伤行为青少年抑郁症患者述情和家庭教育方式研究

目的了解青少年抑郁症患者非自杀性自伤行为的现状,并对比分析伴或不伴非自杀性自伤行为患者的述情方式和家庭教育方式差异。方法回顾性连续纳入2018年1月至2019年2月四川大学华西医院心理卫生中心收治的241例青少年抑郁症患者为调查对象,采用多伦多述情障碍量表、家庭教育方式量表、患者健康问卷抑郁量表对其进行调查,并对比伴非自杀性自伤行为(研究组)和不伴非自杀性自伤行为(对照组)患者的差异。结果241例患者中,44.8%(108/241)的青少年抑郁症患者有非自杀性自伤行为。与对照组(133例)比较,研究组家庭教育方式量表中父亲的惩罚/严厉[(24.80±7.36)分比(21.41±6.89)分]、过分干涉[(23.56±5.02)分比(21.74±4.66)分]、拒绝/否认[(13.44±4.39)分比(11.35±3.81)分]、过度保护因子[(12.56±3.28)分比(11.20±2.94)分]得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),母亲的过分干涉/保护[(42.23±8.06)分比(37.73±7.80)分]、拒绝/否认[(18.65±5.85)分比(15.70±5.72)分]、惩罚/严厉因子[(19.13±6.52)分比(15.97±6.20)分]得分较高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在述情障碍量表中,研究组难以识别自己的情感及难以描述自己的情感因子得分高于对照组[分别为(25.19±6.23)分比(22.12±7.09)分,(18.06±4.19)分比(15.90±4.52)分],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论青少年抑郁症患者中,伴非自杀性自伤行为的发生率较高,其述情方式和家庭教育方式与不伴非自杀性自伤行为患者存在差异。